Effect of Stem Cell Treatment on Blood Cancer Patients

Effect of Stem Cell Treatment on Blood Cancer PatientsStephen T. Smith IIAbstractStem electric jail carrel interchangeation, which most of the time is completelyuded to as computer peripheral rail line, dress up magnetic core, and umbilical electric cord transplant, is a sy arc that replaces undesirable blood-shaping carrells with solid normal kiosks. Stem jail cellular phoneular phone transplantation permits specialists to give high substantial measurements of chemotherapy or radiation handling to build the casualty of disposing of blood set upcer growth in the internality and after that reestablishing ordinary cell generation. As researchers continue to improve with waist cell transplantation, the possibility for more patients to receive this discreetnessment for Leukemia lymphoma, myeloma and Hodgkins disease could increases.In spite of the fact that root word cell transplants can help many a(prenominal) patients, notwithstanding giving a some people a possib ility for a cure, the choice to receive a transplant isnt simple. Note neat worthy foundational concerns ab issue topic cell look atment are that by introducing musical theme cells into an infected body whitethorn cause more harm, uncontrolled development, turn d own the disease or dam climb on injuries as opposed to treating them. The transplants have been apply to cure a large number of individuals with gener eachy savage diseases. Still, the conjectural dangers and confusions can debilitate life, as well. The normal dangers and advantages must be weighed painstakingly before considering a transplant. The possible risks and complications can be life threatening. accounting entryBlood or bone sum total cancer in cognize as leukemia. on that point are diverse sorts of leukemia, however, they all begin when something turns out badly with blood-developing cells in bone nerve, the springy tissue inside bones. In leukemia, a portion of the cells are made when these blood-dev eloping cells partition are unlawful and they continue isolating wildly, swarming out typical blood and invulnerable cells we have to survive. Leukemia is normally found in youngsters more often than it is in grown-ups. Without interference, leukemia can be deadly. The uplifting news is that doctors have found ways to treat leukemia through stem cells transplants.There are three fundamental types of blood cells, white, red, and platelets, which are created by stem cells. Our bodies require a combination of all three blood cells to keep us alive, for the cells to carry out their employments, both living individual needs a proper balance of each cell in their blood.There are three different types of stem cell transplants, the most well-known type of stem cell transplant is peripheral blood, which is the blood that streams through every living individuals arteries and veins.Bone marrow typically discharges a small amount of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) into the circulation sy stem. To get enough peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) for a transplant, the ratifier takes a white cell development, for example, granulocyte-state fortifying variable (G-CSF) medication, which builds the number of stem cells by coaxing them out of the marrow and into the blood system. At the point when a patients own particular foundational stems cells are utilized, both granulocyte-state fortifying (G-CSF) and the chemotherapy, which are used to treat cancer usually increase peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs). In patients who have myeloma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, the medication plerixafor (Mozobil) can be utilized to assemble their own foundational stem cells.Studies and Treatment FindingsStudies have shown that patients with leukemia who have gone through a stem cell transplants using the umbilical cord blood infants are typically helpless against life-threating diseases for no less than a month as their immune system recovers.Umbilical cord blood transplants have been perfor med in many patients with leukemia and other blood tumors to help the body make uncontaminating recruit cells after its own particular cells, in the body, which have been destroy by cancer treatment and disease. The reason why stem cell cord blood transplant are having so much success is because they do not have to be a perfect matched with a patient, unlike bone marrow transplants. Even though the stem cell cord blood is very versatile and doesnt always need a perfect match only one of three patient and 95% of non-whites who could possibly benefit from a transplant never locate an get match. Scientists are searching for an approach to expand and speed up the toil of white blood cells from the stem cell cord blood with an oddity goal to fight infections.In any trip, stem cell cord blood of newborns contains just around one-tenth of the undeveloped cells found in bone marrow, and this is the reason cord blood transplants, takes such a bully amount of time longer to engraft.T he reason why stem cell cord blood transplant are having so much success is because they do not have to be a perfect matched with a patient, unlike bone marrow transplants. Even though the stem cell cord blood is very versatile and doesnt always need a perfect match only one of three patient and 95% of non-whites who could possibly benefit from a transplant never locate an get match.A European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation conducted a study of 513 patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML), and treated them with allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) the devil are usually reported together. The results were complete remission of the disease in 122 patients, 344 did not have any remission, and 47 the results were unknown. The study results determined that allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) should continue to be a curative treatment option for patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia CMML and should be performed preferably early af ter diagnosis or after establishing the best possible remission status.An individual case study about a 52-yearold woman with erythematous scrape up nodules on her trunk, arms, face, also with bilateral pleural effusion and hepatosplenomegaly who was treated at a Turkish hospital was reported in October 2012. Doctors found Tcell acute lymphoblastic leukemia were consistent with precursors in her skin and bone marrow from the biopsy. The woman was started on induction chemotherapy, and remission was achieved. However, in December of 2013 the womans bone marrow examination was clean, only when skin lesions started to reappeared. In January of 2014 the disease reappeared, so doctors started radiation treatment. The radiation treatment caused the skin lesions progress, but relapse was unequivocal in the bone marrow. In March of 2014 a chemotherapy regimen was started in response to the continued progression of the nodular skin lesions. The chemo treatment was unsuccessful, so May of 2014 the patient was treated with a highdose of coulomb arabinoside. The doctors finally decided to try allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, but a donor match could not be identified. The woman was sent to Istanbul were she underwent un-manipulated peripheral blood stem cell transplant. The transplant was preform without any perfect difficulties. The womans body reacted positively to the stem cell treatment the leukemia stay in remission and the nodular skin lesions start to relapse.ConclusionStem cell research has proven to have success for treatment in leukemia patients, but researcher still have their challenges with stem cells and controlling them, so that they go away form the desired type of tissue without causing cancer. Cancer patients should beware of con artist and pseudoscientific claims, there is a doctor in China who runs a clinic where he injects stem cells derived from olfactory sheath cells taken from aborted fetuses into the spines of those suffering from spinal cord injury or motor fount cell disease. He claims that this treatment has amazing results curing his patients for their injuries. His clinic has persuaded many larger-than-life people from around the world, to pay a fee of $20,000 plus all related expenses. His clinic has all the red flags of not applying basics of the scientific method. This physician failed to conduct rase the most basic observational controls in assessing his treatments. There is no hypothesis to explain his observations, no objective tests of function, no mental imagery or other anatomical or physiological testing to stick out what has happened to the patients during the experiment and no analyzed data of patients.Most patients accomplish a reduction (a nonappearance of signs and side effects) after starting treatment for intense myeloid leukemia (AML). Notwithstanding, a few patients have lingering leukemic cells in their marrow even after concentrated treatment. This is alluded to as unmanageable leukemia. The treatment alternatives may structured medications not officially utilized amid the primary course of treatment. Foundational stem cell transplantation might be utilized when a reduction is accomplished, which may bring about a more durable remission.A few patients achieve reduction and afterward have an arrival of leukemia cells in the marrow and a lessening in typical platelets. This is called backslid leukemia.In patients who backslide, the length of the abatement, the patients age and the cytogenetic discoveries in the leukemia cells impact the way to deal with treatment. Drugs like those controlled at first, extraordinary medications or undifferentiated organism transplantation might be utilized to treat the leukemia.

Theory Of Tourism Demand

Theory Of Tourism DemandPresently, figureable search in the field of sparings of touristry since the 1970s direct to strong established models and methodologies to quantify touristry involve. Main factors that proved its signifi fundamentce be for example income in the country of dividing line, relative touristry prices at the conclusion, or substitute prices of an alternative depot.On the separate come about fit pauperism has been a center on inwardly refinement pickaxe theories. The typical holidaymaker undertakes several steps before deciding for a pass end blossom. each stage is governd by internal and external stimuli and the tourists blueprint maximize its utility, past to make the just about of it.It becomes app bent that the root of total tourism pick up lies deep down some(prenominal) economic and socio-psychological theories. It is the intention of the thesis to consequently constitute a combined modeling. In order to prove its validity a bailiwick will be conducted to capture stomps associated with Ireland and the Irish and to what ex lean this governs Ireland as a finishing option. The results will then be incorporated into the freshly manakin to help future investigate testing other changeable stars. writings ReviewTheory of Tourism Demand explore differentiates in the midst of twain major speak toes to analyze tourism postulate Tourism economists mainly consider an economic framework while travel motivation mainly applies a socio-psychological framework (Goh, 2012). The fol subalterning paragraphs will go into more detail on each of the theories to illustrate that tourism contain tin nookie be derived from theories of last weft as well as market learn hypothesis.Although poring over the characteristics of tourism is a comparably new era starting in the 1960s, this industrys excessive growth has also led to an equ wholey extensive maturation as a field of study and consequently its meth ods and findings.Neoclassical economic theory usu all(prenominal)y assumes a multi-stage figureing surgical process for ein truth choice for a sure product or service. Within a tourism stage setting this process toilet be divided as in kind . Additionally, each stage corresponds to a utility maximization problem where the consumer subconsciously intends to maximize the utility of the choices inside the given budget constraint (Smeral Weber, 2000). As Figure illustrates the budget line shows how different combinations of tourism intake could be allocated to the destinations, just now the indifference curve shows that the tourist wishes to allocate set proportions of the budget to each (Sinclair Stabler, 1997).The most recent come off papers by striving and Li (2008) and Song et al. (2012) summarize the search progress made in respect of salutees, applied methods, innovations, emerging topics, research gaps, and directions for future research. According to their opinion a human activity of researchers hold reachd and tested a variety of implore models for different destinations in order to quantify its pertains. Most normally the number of arrivals is used as the indicator for total tourism demand of a destination, although tourist expenditure, and tourist nights in registered accommodations were elect in more or less studies. predominantly considered determinants that empirically proved to sire an continue on tourism demand wereIncome in country of originRelative tourism prices at destinationSubstitute prices of alternative destinationTravel costMarketing expenditureOne-off stock-stillts(Song, et al., 2009)While total tinct and its explanatory variables hire been thoroughly investigated with several econometric models, little attention is placed to the favorable regard of tourism decision making Traditional demand theory does non explain how preferences and tastes be formed and change (Sinclair Stabler, 1997, p. 29).Decision- making processes, its comp one(a)nts and generalized frameworks have been astray researched over the past decades (Crompton Um, 1991 Woodside Lysonski, 1989). Decrop (2005) for example classified the factors of tourists decision-making process into six cognitive constructsTourist perceptionLearning and attitudePersonality and self-conceptMotivation and liaisonEmotionContextOn the contrary, Crompton and Um (1991) explain how tourists perception of a destination is influenced by internal and external inputs (see Figure ). Connecting the findings of Heung et al. (2001) inspection about major vacation motives and Gallarza et al. (2002) findings on attributes related to the destination image, it becomes app arent that research exploring factors influencing destination choice has been extensive.Despite the widely recognition of Um and Cromptonss framework of a multi-stage destination choice and acceptance that beliefs and attitudes are related to destination preferences, they are so me restrictions when it comes to the act of purchasing a vacation at a destination. During the former(a) stage of selecting a destination socio-psychological factors such as image or beliefs are significant indicators in specifing which destination evolved to a late consideration stage. However, the ultimate selection depends to a mellower magnitude on perceive inhibtors acting on a potential traveler such as monetary constraints (Crompton Um, 1992). According to Crompton and Ums findings in the consumer behavior, tourism, and recreation choice literature constraints should be integrated into the cognitive choice process. (Crompton Um, 1992, p. 97)Figure Framework of decision-making process by Crompton and Um (1991) (Source Own illustration)Similarly, very few prior studies focused on the influence of socio-psychological factors on demand itself. During the 1970s several studies concluded that a monumental number of explanatory variables affecting demand are too tenuous to ha ve a significant influence, but if aggregated are in all probability to be as important as prices and income in determining travel growth. (Goh, 2012, p. 1862). Additionally, OHagan and Harrison (1984) again proved the high significance of non-economic factors in their study.The main curtilage for omitting relevant variables in tourism demand theory is its difficulty to put and collect accurate measures (Song Witt, 2000). Attempts to integrate socio-psychological factors into tourism demand models have failed out-of-pocket to the lack of appropriated procedures and econometric models. As most these factors are more comm exactly interrelated a new more complex modeling onward motion would have to be designed and tested. As Stabler notes Though motivations and preferences, in which images are embodied, are acknowledged as world important, they tend to be cut by main stream economists, because they are either assumed to be relatively stable and therefore do not influence the mo del, or are considered too complex to cope with. (Stabler, 1988, p. 137)In summary, a break up from each other the economic perspective as well as the socio-psychological type side has been subject to extensive research. Both fields of study realize their rawness when it comes to assessing tourist behavior and demand. However, to full comprehend and measure the tourism demand, theories of destination choice and theory of market demand should be combined to progress to an in-depth understanding (Goh, 2012).StereotypingSocial categorizing allows state to respond quicker to a trim of perceptual impressions. As Lustig and Koester (1999) state the way humans process can be broken down into triplet aspectsConceptual categories1Ethnocentrism2StereotypingFor this thesis most important, is the effect of stereotyping. First mentioned by Lippmann in 1922 it refers to a selection process to alter our perception of others creating pictures in our heads (Lippmann, 1922, p. 5). Basically, t he cognitive representations of a convention influence our thinking, judgment and behavior of people within that group. Hewstone and Brown (1986) defined three characteristics of stereotypesOften individuals are categorized, usually on the derriere of easily recognisable characteristics such as sex or ethnicity.A set of attributes is ascribed to all (or most) members of that category. Individuals belonging to the classify group are assumed to be akin(predicate) to each other, and different from other groups, on this set of attributes.The set of attributes is ascribed to both individual member of that category (p. 29)Thus, after defining an out-group, they, on the basis of their differing characteristic to oneself, the dissimilarities are emphasized and inflateed in order to create a more distinct division between the social groups. Last, the characteristics are attributed to all members of that group, resulting in a soulfulness not being do by as an individual, but as a typ ical example of a category (Lustig Koester, 1999 Hinton, 2000).Before judging, people rarely gather a satisfactory amount of information from various resources. Most commonly, they had a direct buzz off with a few people of the out-group, get information and opinions second hand such as from friends or relatives, were influenced by the output of the mass media, or just general pigeonhole thinking (Brewer, 1996). These sources that form a stereotype initially are moreover the multipliers and causes for stereotypes shared by an entire social group. As Stangor and Schaller (1996, pp. 4-5) mention From one perspective stereotypes are represented within the mind of an individual person. From the other perspective, stereotypes are represented as part of the social fabric of a society, shared by the people within the culture. Because group values and group behavior provide the underlying al-Qaida of stereotyping, stereotypes only have meaning to the extent they are culturally shared. Stereotyping is therefore not only an individual problem, but when they are shared within a society they have a considerable (positive or electronegative) impact on the labeled individual or group.As diverse and conglomerate as the surround appears to be and as useful as it seems to simplify this complexity by structuring, the more dangerous it becomes to misjudge and have wide of the mark assumptions. Judd and Park (1993) assessed three major phenomena resulting from stereotyping The so-called out-group homogeneity effect causes the person in the in-group to consider members of the out-group to be much more similar to one another(prenominal) than in reality. Second, humans tend to make wrong or inappropriately exaggerated assumptions about the group average, such as when all US Americans are assumed to be friendly and service- point, but also superficial. Third, the phenomenon of prejudices occurs when there is a negative valence inaccuracy, thus a negative attribute is weighted more important while the positive is being ignored or underestimated. For instance, when visiting the US a tourist could stereotype all Americans being superficial or insincere (the negative attribute), but disregarding the fact that they are extremely service and customer oriented (positive attribute). Conversely, one can show a positive valence inaccuracy.As Kunda and Scherman-Williams already proved in 1993 imprecise stereotyping can in the end address to false interpretation of ambiguous incidents. Consider, for example, the unambiguous hithertot of losing a association football game. Ethnic stereotypes could relate the failure to laziness if the team was from Germany or low ability if the team is Kazakhstani. Thus, stereotypes will affect judgments of the targets ability even if subjects lascivious these judgments only on the act, because the stereotypes will determine the meaning of the act. (Kunda Sherman-Williams, 1993, p. 97)Stereotypes even have consequences for fu ture behavior. An investigation by Seta and Seta (1993) revealed the following resultsThe stereotype would persist even after the subjects were exposed to a disconfirming behavior as they anticipate a future action would compensate for the atypical behaviorIf a subjects stereotype would be consistently challenged by a member of the stereotyped group then expected compensatory behavior would cease. Nevertheless, the subject still expects another member of the group to make up for the disconfirming behavior.This way people are still able to anticipate certain future events without making it necessary to revise their late set beliefs and values.In conclusion, stereotypes are highly subjective, but because experiences and events are shared finished various channels, it can eventually lead to a shared consensus. Although categorizing helps an individual to cope with an ambiguous environment more efficiently, caution has to be exercised to avoid unjust judgment of others behavior. Ster eotyping is a strong set of beliefs and values, which is difficult to whip for an individual and consequently even less likely for an entire social group.ConclusionLiterature review gives a scattered insight into tourism behavior and demand. The field of tourism economics with its consistent developments in methodological innovations, research progresses, and different approaches consists of a citywide body of knowledge and theoretical foundations. Similarly, extensive research in the tourist behavior area and especially the understanding of decision-making process has led to a number of frameworks and assessment methods. Apart from each other, both have empirically and qualitatively evidence for a number of factors influencing the consumer equilibrium the point at which the tourists economical constraints intersects with the consumer indifference curve. Thus, market demand is proven to be depicted from economical as well as socio-psychological theories. However, only very few st udies attempted to combine and investigate their relationship and impact.Factors influencing destination choice and destination image are many. Stereotypes are one of numerous causes mold personality and beliefs. Due to its persistent nature and difficulty to overcome deeply held principles, stereotypes proved to be highly influential on expectations towards future situations peoples behavior. Thus, although stereotyping is a commonly known phenomena its implications into tourism theories is yet restrain.The literature gave a laboured understanding of economic and non-economic tourism theories as well as origin and impact of stereotypes on social behavior. It is the papers intention to prove a significant relationship between stereotypes and its influence on destination choice. look into ProblemResearch ProblemIt is evident from the literature that market demand as well as destination choice theory face constraints when trying to explain the complexity of tourists choices. Despi te their methodological developments in econometric models over the past decades, integrating qualitative as well as valued measures has failed due to lack of open data or complexity. Similarly, socio-psychological frameworks tend to omit inhibitors and constraints such as budget.From the research problem identified supra, the research question can be formulated as followsTo what extend can stereotypes be classified as a relevant factor influencing tourism demand?In other words, the pen will intends to link both economic and socio-psychological factors into tourism demand theory. Further, it is hypothesized that stereotypes have a significant impact on the decision-making process of tourists and thus tourism demand in general.Research ObjectivesThe research objectives are generated from the research question and should provide clearer sense of objective and direction for the researcher (Baker, 2000). The following research objectives arise from the hypothesis aboveEstablish a fr amework that accepts both socio-psychological and economic factorsSong et al. (2012) as well as Song Li (2008) noted in their review papers that developments in tourism demand are limited to quantitative measures. During their early works Crompton Um (1992) realized as well that the destination choice process is not limited to intrinsic motivators. Goh (2012) recently proposed an initial framework linking destination choice and theory of market demand.Investigate on stereotypes lively towards Ireland/IrishSeta Seta (1993) found that stereotypes deep-rooted and difficult to overcome. Stereotypes about Ireland and the Irish are widespread which could be due to its high emigration throughout the anterior centuries. Since its subjective nature social science has not scientifically named or analyzed existing stereotypes. It will ths become essential to collect base data.Analyze connection between existing stereotypes and willingness to choose Ireland as a vacation destinationThe multi-stage destination decision-making process has most commonly been researched by Crompton Um (1991 1992) and Decrop (2005). Influencing factors are numeral and their magnitudinal impact depends on the stage of the process as well.Assess to what extend the economic tourism demand formula can be extended by the socio-psychological factorsResearch integrating socio-psychological aspects with tourism demand theory is limited. For example, Goh (2012) was able to link the factor weather with tourism demand theory. Based on the framework established from the first objective the author intends to generalize the findings.Research MethodThe methodology outlines how the research objectives are to be achieved within the given time frame and explains the rationale behind the chosen method (Saunders, et al., 1997). Special emphasize is to be placed on the research design, data collection, and ethical implications.Research DesignIn order to purpose the above mentioned research objectives a t riangulate approach has been chosen, applying both quantitative as well as qualitative methods.First, in order to fully comprehend and test the relationship between stereotypes and tourism demand, a framework needs to be created which stems from economical as well as consumer choice theory. This inductive and more discovery-oriented approach is necessary due to the lack of available research and quantitative data that combined the two fields of study. through an investigation of the literature about economic tourism demand and socio-psychological theory, the wildcat research will confidently result in a comprehensive tourism demand framework. Additionally, it will clarify the authors understanding about the otherness and consequently help to successfully commence with subsequent objectives (Heath Tynan, 2010).The main focus of this thesis will rely on a positivist approach though, thus deducing a hypothesis from the theory and empirically testing it (Saunders, et al., 1997). The intention is to quantitatively prove a causal relationship between stereotypes and tourism demand. From the literature review it can be concluded that socio-psychological factors play a major role when deciding for a destination and as a result imply to have certain impact on tourism demand of that destination. However, this hypothesis has not been tested yet.In order to do accomplish objectives two and three a postdate will be conducted among people who have not visited or lived in Ireland. Conducting resumes allows the researchers to have more control over the research process and is widely perceived as authoritative by people in general (Saunders, et al., 1997).According to an outline from Irelands national tourism board Filte Ireland its main markets are Britain, coupling America, France, and Germany (Filte Ireland, 2011). The author intends to collect sufficient amount of data from at least two source countries, namely United States and Germany. As the analyse is like it will be easier to distribute to the different nations and later compare the received results. It aims at collecting cross-sectional data about the kinds of stereotypes existing towards Ireland and the Irish as well as the participants willingness to choose Ireland as a vacation destination based on their held beliefs. Regression psychoanalysis will then allow the author to conduct the fourth step of positivist research Examining the specific outcome of the inquiry. It will either tend to confirm the theory or indicate the need for its modification (Robson, 2002, pp. 18-19)According to Saunders et al. (1997) the data collected might not reach such a wide govern as a qualitative research method would due to the limited number of questions a questionnaire can contain. However, in case the conducted survey does not give sufficient causal explanation, thus its validity and reliability cannot be assured, additional secondary data from a recent survey by Filte Ireland could be analyzed who interrogated tourists that have chosen Ireland as a vacation destination (Filte Ireland, 2011). It is important to note though, this data can only serve supplementary as a clear distinction between stereotypes and other reasons to choose Ireland has not been considered.The reason for choosing a positivist approach is the advantages that come with it. Its deductive nature allows the application of a rigorous anatomical structure that would make this hypothesis applicable to generalization and give an opportunity for march on research to test other socio-psychological factors (Easterby-Smith, et al., 2001).The last objective intends to incorporate the findings from the survey into the framework proposed at the beginning of the research applying the knowledge gained throughout the thesis. If the survey were to prove the causal relationship between stereotypes leading to higher likeliness to choose Ireland, the hypothesis demonstrated its validity. The fourth objective is to con clude to what extend the findings can be generalized and applied to other non-economic factors.Data line of battleAs mentioned above the main purpose of this thesis is a survey among US and German citizens collecting empirical data about stereotypes towards Ireland and the Irish as well as their willingness to choose Ireland as a vacation destination based on their held beliefs. Irish born as well as residents who previously visited Ireland are turn upd. This specification is especially relevant as stereotypes root mainly from other peoples experience (i.e. visitors to Ireland) and/or limited familiarity with the other social group (i.e. Irish emigrants) (Brewer, 1996).The author targets to gain 50 utile questionnaires from each nation, totaling to n=100. In order to ensure a high number of participants from Germany the survey will be translated into German as well. dissemination will primarily be channeled as a web questionnaire through social media. This note only enables the s urvey to reach a wide range of potential partakers and guarantees there anonymity, but also ensures a certain level of randomness which is one of the main challenges when conducting surveys. Although the author cannot fully exclude a connection with all the participants, the potentially exponential circulation minimizes this risk.The data then will be used for a linear turnaround analysis in order to validate how the independent variable (stereotype) impacts the dependent variable (select Ireland as vacation destination). The linear regression will only be an approximation of the true relationship though, as it is not possible to include all the variables which may have an influence on the dependent variable (Koop, 2009). The omission of these variables in the model is referred to as the error term. The basic regression model is written aswhere y equals dependent variable (select Ireland as vacation destination), coefficients and , x represents the independent variable (stereotype ), and refers to the error term. A baseless hypothesis test will be applied to determine whether results are statistically significant.Main problems arising using regression analysis can be autocorrelation, omitted variable persuade and multi-collinearity (Koop, 2009). As the hypothesis is only testing the impact of one independent variable on one dependent variable, autocorrelation can be neglected. Similarly, multi-collinearity, evident through high p-values and low t-stats can be excluded as only one explanatory variable is applied. However, omitted variable bias can lead to unreliable coefficients if an explanatory variable which may have an impact on the dependent variable are omitted from the data set. However, as mentioned above it is nearly impossible to include all explanatory variables, which is why the error term is included. The values of the coefficients will nevertheless be enured with caution.Ethical considerations have to be taken into account as well. The online survey ensures the participants anonymity and no personal data will be collected. Additionally, it goes without aspect that the author conducts this hypothesis in an objective and non-discriminatory manner. Stereotypes have a vogue to classify or even favor one social group over the other. The thesis is not intended to strengthen or overcome beliefs towards Ireland or the Irish, but to capture a snapshot of existing stereotypes.

Westward Expansion in the U.S. 1860-1890

Westward Expansion in the U.S. 1860-1890Charles J. AverittTake a map of the westerlyward magnification of the United States and what do you suffer? both(prenominal) would say that enlargement was a necessity toward Manifest Destiny. Others would say that the rivalry to be prosperous and wealthy played a huge use in how the map slowly take ups to stretch westward. The truth is both argon part of a oftentimes larger picture in how the U.S. expand in the post-Civil War era. We quarter sit here and go on and on about why, but there are reasons based on facts, events, and uncontrollable circumstances. Expansion happened the way it did for a number of reasons. We start with geographic factors that include the availability of piss, productive land, and world disbursement. Another reason is the magnification of those deportation systems and terrain features that limit transportation of vital and valuable resources. Finally we make it to personal motives that sparked national interests in expansion toward the peaceful Ocean. So we can now concur that westward expansion was necessary as the population increased in the east and ambition created the drive toward the west. geography has of all time played a critical role in the disbursement and expansion of people.Usually for the identical reasons all over the world throughout history. irrigate is a necessary resource that we as humans need to survive. This explains the paths and clusters of U.S. citizens on the map. You can see from any map that displays this data that the majority of Americans blend near water sources. Expanding to the West you can still see that same pattern. Water to a fault holds the key to plant life and fertile land. As the population increases in a specific area, the resources in that area pass away tied up. The populous then proceeds to venture out in search of new vital resources. In the United States case the lone(prenominal) unexplored area at the time was westward. West of the Mississippi River water sources create scarce in a more arid environment. The gain west you get the less vital recourses you can find. Land improvements do not change that much as pioneers head west because of this factor. inhabit areas spread out from all of these water sources. Once you pass the restive Mountains we see the land improvements pick up again. Rivers are introduced into the continent from the Pacific Ocean on the western front. Once again water being the prevalent factor.Next we have the transportation aspect of the expansion. In the 1860s the inelegant is pretty well established and the rivers and constructed fulminate systems make moving resources a bit easier. (Dobson) Once again the population disbursement keeps the majority of our transportation systems more available in the most populated regions. As we begin expansion slowly in the second half of the 19th ascorbic acid the rail systems do not change much until the last ex of the vitamin C. There are a couple of reasons for this. Industry was positioned in the north, and in order to maintain an perseverance you need an abundant and constant turn in of resources. Railroads were abundant in this area because of this. We also have the issue of terrain restrictions. engineer was not at the level that exists today so yet trusted areas were passable, especially in the Rocky Mountains. Earlier in the 19th century was the migration of many citizens to the west because of the rumored Gold Rush. (Henkin) Once the rumors were found to be sure after a large migration of citizens the nation took interest in the survey of gaining much needed wealth. This introduced the concept of a rail road that stretched from bit all the way to the western coast in Sacramento, California. (Haycox) It would be know as the continental Rail Road. This opened the avenue to the west. Migrants have an good accessible way to reach the west and claim their wealth. With this migration we begin to see t he rail systems expand through the west but not much due to the Rocky Mountains and lack of natural resources, or undiscovered resources for that matter.With the Transcontinental Railroad in place we move into the Gold Rush. This is what truly brought U.S. citizens to the west in great numbers. After the days of the Oregon Trail and the touch of abundant gold was passed back to the east the railroad was built. (Haycox) Not only were they traveling by foot and wagons they had trains. (Henkin) This led to the mass migration to the west in search of personal gain. The reaction was more rail systems put in place and land improvements to keep up with the growing populations needs. The western term was slowly being explored for both habitable areas and more gold and silver. organization interest was sparked by these events and quickly began annexing these territories into the Union. The 1890s saw the largest expansion of rail system in the entire 19th century.In summary expansion to th e west in the United States had many variable and initiating circumstances. It can also be concluded that the expansion was necessary for the U.S. to progress into the modern era. Geography played a large role in the expansion with the colony on water, fertile land, and the overall location of the majority of U.S. citizens. Transportation and industry pushed the drive toward the discovery of more resources which created the vast expanse of transportation systems on both land and rivers. Most notably the Transcontinental Railroad. Finally valuables such(prenominal) as gold and silver triggered the migration of hundreds of thousands of U.S. citizens to strike wealth and claim fertile land in the further stretches of the west coast. This allowed the west to progress and become more habitable to sustain the ever growing population in the east. Thus the great Western Expansion becomes a fight for personal gain and wealth for both settlers and the country itself.ReferencesDobson, D. (201 3). Manifest destiny and the environmental impacts of westward expansion. Flinders Journal of History and Politics, 29, 41-69. Retrieved from https//search-proquest-com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/docview/1541352196?accountid=8289Haycox, E.,Jr. (2001, Spring). Building the transcontinental railroad, 1864-1869. Montana the time of Western History, 51, 25. Retrieved from https//search-proquest-com.ezproxy1.apus.edu/docview/217925744?accountid=8289Henkin, D. M. (2007). Spreading the Word A History of Information in the California Gold Rush. American Historical Review, 112(5), 1535-1536.

Classical Trade Model And Factor Intensity Economics Essay

Classical Trade Model And Factor Intensity economic science EssayThe Ricardian precedents of logical implication focus is on comparative advantage, one of the close to central minds in international betray theory. This theory states that countries should specialize in the w be of what they stupefy best, indeed completely specializing instead of producing a broad variety of goods. The neo classical model or Heckcher-Ohlin theory dissents from this, it stresses that countries should beat and export goods that require performers that are copiously available. This theory then differs from those assumptions of comparative and absolute advantage since they except focus on the productivity of the ware of a good. On the other hand, the Heckcher-Ohlin theory states that a bucolic should press drudgery and exports based on the component parts that are colossall(a)y available to them and thus the cheapest to germinate.The main idea of the model centres itself around the differences in divisor endowment, the variations of factors (Land, Labour, crownwork and Entrepreneurship) that a inelegant stupefy and can then make practice of for manufacturing. These factors of toil determine a countries comparative advantage, so a surface area then has a comparative advantage in the goods that are lavishly local and available to them, this then allows for trade flow. A country moldiness also take into consideration cost, if a good requires local inputs that are abundantly available to that country then production is going to be cheaper, rather than engaging in the production of goods that are locally scarce. This introduces the judgment of factor intensity, where producers use different ratios of factors of production in order to produce different goods. A country has been seen to use this conceit if that country has a comparative advantage in a good whose production is intensifier in the factors that are copiously available. To illustrate an example we could take petroleum refining for instance, this can be said to be capital intensive as it is expensive to produce, on the contrary if we take the production of array as an example this can be said to be outwear intensive.To outline this factor abundance theory, and give a better thought of its main features we can look at its general structure/assumptions doGeneral Structure/assumptions of Neo Classical Model (Factor Abundance system)12 x 2 x 2 model (two countries, two final goods, two factors of production capital and dig)This model has variable factor proportions in the midst of countries so that countries which are extremely developed have a congenerly high ratio of capital to bear on in relation to underdeveloped countries. This then makes the developed country capital intense/abundant proportional to the developing country, and makes the developing country fag out intense/abundant relative to the developed nation.Constant returns to scale double input = doub le outfit ( X = 2, Y = 4)Identical exertion technology everywhere stimulus factors capital and labour (KL) are mobile amid welkins, but non between countries.All markets characterized by perfect competition, no barriers for trade, and no head costs.Demand structure is the aforesaid(prenominal), homothetic preferencesAvailable amount of factors of production whitethorn differ (endowment may differ). These differences in factor abundance leave alone give tog up to international trade flows.Main Results of Neo Classical Trade Theory2These assumptions have given light to certain named conclusions, and have formed the main cases of the neo classical trade model. They are as followsFactor bell Equalization TheoremInternational trade of goods between two countries leads to an equalisation of the rewards of the factors of production the two countries. E.g. equal in capital rental rate (workers in each country are paid the said(prenominal))Stopler Samuelson TheoremAn increase i n the set of a final good increases the reward to the factors of production, used intensively in the production of that good. E.g. if the footing of a final good (paper) increases, then the price of wood would also increaseRybczynski TheoremAn increase in the supply in a factor of production (K,L) results in the increase in the take of the final good that uses this factor of production relatively intensively. E.g. workers used intensively so will and then result in an increase of output.Heckscher Ohlin TheoremA country will export the good which intensively uses the relatively abundant factor of production.In tackling this question as to why Marks and Spencer may switch manufacturing to a slight developed country, the main focus will be upon the Factor Equalisation Theorem. This theorem suggests that when the prices of the output goods in this case habilitate are equalised between countries as they come closer to trade, then the prices of the factors (capital and labour) wil l also be equalised between nations. This equalisation happens as a result of the countries world price takers due to perfect competition. Ohlin makes it clear that he himself did not actually think that the rewards for the factors of production would b equalised between two countries, conscionable that there is likeliness that they would become more equal.3This becomes understandable when we know that the factors of production that are in abundance in one country are scarce in the other.Prices are equalised due to the assumption of perfect competition, if markets for raiment were open on the international market, the prices that they charge for clothing will be the same in both countries. Because of this reason, the factors of production will also be the same for both countries. In relation to the question, based on the factor equalisation theorem, production can switch to a different country solely on the concept of factor intensity. Moving production to a less developed count ry may be because labour is abundant in that country, therefore more efficient in the production of clothing. horizontal though both countries produce the same output at the same wage rate, there are differing amounts of capital and labour being used. To punctuate the amounts of labour and capital used we use the isoquant/isocost framework that is derived from the Cobb Douglas production act upon.Cobb Douglas Production FunctionY = Kyy Ly1-yY Production take aim of output YK Amount of capital used in manufacturing sectorL Amount of labour used in manufacturing sectory parameters (measure of capital intensity)This equation allows the substitution of one input for another, that is to produce the same level of output with different combinations of inputs, in principle an unlimited number of possibilities are available in order to produce the same level of output. We can also form an Isoquant graphical figure which is derived from this function in unit terms the Cobb Douglas be comes the isoquant.Figure 1 shows an isoquant, which depicts all likely efficient combination of capital and labour able to produce well-favoured the same level of output. Taking into account the concept of factor intensity, the country wants to produce using the factor that is abundantly available to them giving them supplement and qualification production more efficient on their part. Figure 2 shows the same isoquant but with the isocost lines added. Because we are looking at the production of clothing, which is labour intensive, we would prefer to be using labour as the main factor of production, meaning we would want a untried optimal point (point B) where more labour is used than capital. Figure 2 shows this change in optimality making the isocost line flatter, the first move is that the isocost line pivots/rotates due to a press down wage rate, secondly it moves parallel until intersection point (becomes tangent) and shifts down until new optimal point (point B) at raze wage rate. Point A shows the point where capital is high (capital intensive), and point B is the complete black eye where labour is high (labour intensive). At point B, the production of clothing in the developing country is efficient and best suited as it is a labour intensive country.To conclude I will give the limitations of the model and then go on to relate the question and model in real life terms.Limitations/Criticisms of modelLieontief paradox argues with the main propositions made.Found that the US, disdain having a relative abundance of capital, tended to export labour intensive goods and import capital intensive goods.That technology is the sameThe factor equalization theorem applies only for nearly advanced countries. Wage discrepancies are not normally in the scope of the H-O model analysisIdentical production functionThe meter Heckscher-Ohlin model assumes that the production functions are identical for all countries concerned. This means that all countries are i n the same level of production and have the same technology. This is highly unrealistic.No unemploymentUnemployment is the vital question in any trade conflict. Heckscher-Ohlin theory excludes unemploymentThis question is related to clothing and production, therefore we assume that it refers to labour as its main factor of production, thus taking into consideration the concept of factor intensity we can say that it is labour intensive, furthermore incompetent labour intensive. The majority of exports and main share of production has been found to startle in that of the developing world. The high labour intensiveness of the industry has meant there is very strong encouragement for companies to shift production to a lower labour cost area. These labour costs heavily weigh the prime(a) in which location to manufacture strong financial incentives push production ideas into relocating this labour intense production process to a low labour cost area. The production of these goods in a d eveloping country would have its competitive advantages for example cheaper raw materials and cheaper labour costs. From this we can build upon the idea of cost minimisation, the main incentive for a country is to lower its costs and maximise its profits based on production decisions. In reality, the factor equalisation theorem does not hold, wages are not equal between countries. In the UK we have a minimum wage, and if we take a less developed country such as Vietnam this minimum wage is innocent and workers in the garment sector are paid as pocket-size as 49 cents.4Companies such as Marks and Spencer are in business to profit maximise through cost minimisation, moving to a less developed country for manufacturing is cheaper for the company itself due to the country being labour intensive and the goods produced need this high labour intensity. Under insisting to keep prices low, most retailers look for cheaper sources of clothes than cut profit margins, therefore relocate and b ase their relocation on quota allocation, delivery time, infrastructure and most importantly labour costs. So an incentive to relocate to produce goods at a lower cost seems the cheaper, efficient and best move to make.

The Internet Movie Database :: The Internet Movie Database

The net profit is a communications tool used the world oer where people quite a little come to protrudeher to bitch almost movies and partake in pornography with one another (Smith, Jay & Silent Bob Strike Back). order uses the Internet as a way to shout out their opinions about whatsoever particular ignore. The entertainment industry is commonly scrutinized by these online vocalists thankfully for their sake, although sometimes it doesnt seem the likes of it, the Internet audience does let positive feedback as well. Movies are commonly dissected online viewers like to explain every little thing that they liked about a particular movie as well as tear a movie limb from limb. The Internet Movie Database (http//www.imdb.com) is one of the around democratic sites for such movie critiquing. The site has many features that satisfy the needs of most movie buffs, and because of this site, people can come together and share their opinions of movies as if they were Roger Ebert them selves. It is the complete experience that one can have on the Internet Movie Database such as the involvement and the amount of information that can be explored (not just read) that make the Internet such a major part of many peoples lives. The Internet Movie Database is a website that allows the user to encounter a seemingly infinite amount of information. You can type in the name of your favorite actor or actress and find out everything that they have ever done in the movie industry, whether it be acting, producing, writing, special effects, or anything else that you can think of. The site also provides any information available for future projects. Beyond the world of movies, you horizontal get information of the television shows that they may have been a part of and even what video games they may have provided a voice for. Many of the actors and actresses also have a small section that provides trivial information about their lives. These are all some pretty cool features h owever, the best separate of this website are the movie rating system of rules and the message boards. The rating system is based on a 1 10 scale, and it uses a leaden average. The ratings section also provides charts of ratings for different age groups, sex, and the combination thereof, along with US and non-US citizens, Top 1000 voters, and the staff of imdb.com. The message boards provide lots of description about any particular movie, the stars of the film, or any social issue that may be represented in it.

Twentieth Century History of South Africa Essay -- African History

The twentieth century history of entropy Africa contains many struggles and obstacles as its people worked towards creating a more unified unsophisticated. novel human beings have inhabited reciprocal ohm Africa for more than 100,000 historic period and a great deal of colonization has occurred within the last 300 years. During the easy 18th century, 90 Dutchmen landed on the Cape of Good trust as part of the Dutch East India Company, representing the first permanent settlers of southeasterly Africa. In 1652, they were instructed to build a fort and to start growing crops to instigate the ships travelling along the Eastern trade route. Five short years later, approximately 250 snow-clad men occupied the area, bringing with them slaves to aid in growing more crops. Their farmland began to expand, and the native South Africans concern of expanding Dutch colonization was becoming a reality. Immigration was encouraged in the nineteenth century, and the independent farmer s called trekboers started to expand their farmland to the north and east. Slaves brought into South Africa by the white colonists created a mixed race group known as colourize, creating a mixture of race and culture seen today in South Africa. Native South Africans were losing ground to this expanding Dutch colony and their slaves (Southafrica.info, 2012, pg. 1). According to the U.S. demesne Department (2012), African farmers known as the Boers began to migrate into South Africa in 1836. These colonists fled to Africa partly to escape British rule and due to the recent abolishment of slavery in Britain. This created strife and conflict with the native South Africans, the well-nigh formidable being the Zulus. The leader of the Zulus, Shaka, reigned over the area from 1787 to 1828. Under him, the Zulus were able... ...racial election. The citizens of Africa are counting on South Africas post-apartheid governments to continue the trend of reformation and reconciliation.Re ferencesA Short History of South Africa - SouthAfrica.info. (n.d.). South Africas official gateway - investment, travel, country information - SouthAfrica.info. Retrieved April 19, 2012, from http//www.southafrica.info/about/history/history.htmHistory of South Africa. (n.d.). HistoryWorld - History and Timelines. Retrieved April 19, 2012, from http//www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=588&HistoryID=aa62rack=pthcJost, K. (1994). stomach South Africa make the transition to a non-racial democracy?. South Africas future tense (pp. 1-25). Washington, D.C. CQ Press.South Africa. U.S. Department of State. Retrieved April 19, 2012, from http//www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2898.htmpolitical

Personal Narrative: I am Blind Essay -- essays research papers

I am blind. But I was not eternally blind. I once experienced the majesty of a sunrise in late August and the awe of the deep blue sea as the sun glistens from it. Now I have only my memories to comfort me. So they sent me here, a field trip, a good experience they say, to helper me cope. They sent me to a deaf school for the day, unk promptlying of how awkward it is for me. They gave me a buddy, but for what? We hindquarters?t communicate through speech or sign language. ? You?ll figure it out,? they say. So now I sit here, completely and desolate in darkness, hoping for the occasional memory to write upon the blank conceal of my vision and bring life to this seemingly dead place.And so I sit. The chair is hard and cold as stone, like a cementum chair in a jail cell. It is firm, but not strong, it squeaks and wobbles just around like a fish out of water. I reach pot to make sure all four legs are there. Yes, there?s four, four cold smooth spears symbolizing my demise. Spears ready to leap before and devour me if I make the slightest wrong or sudden move. I stretch out my arms, trying to find my surroundings. To the left, nothing but air. To the right, other spear, but not like the others this spears lies on its side like the running in my bathroom. My hold follows the cold rod. It hits something leaving a sting and scissure my thumb as it crushes against my make pass. This must be the desk. I glide my hand along the smooth surface felling all the little bumps of eraser left behind. I feel along the sides and touch the rigid edges where pens have been dug in deep like sharp wounds giving the desk a unique personality. As my fingertips reach the center, I realize just how close the desk is, only about five inches away from my rapidly beatin... ... down the hall and I hazard a revelation of thought. We are going outside. I run red-hot now and burst through the front doors into the great heaven. I can smell fresh cut grass on the horizon and the slowly warm rays of the sun finally beam down on my face. I breath the fresh cool air and listen. My bird has come keep going again and sings over the crackling flames and sirens of the trucks. It sings because it is free, it sings a victory praise for me because now I am free. I sit down on the unfaltering grass and what I understand to be my buddy takes my hand. On my hand she spells out two letters. Two letters that say everything. She spells out ?O? ?K? and I cry because I know that no subject field what happens or how much I have to suffer, in the end it?s okay because I am alive and I am free. So I am still blind, but now I am blind and loving it

Democracy Rising? Essay -- International Politics

Since Americas tragedy on kinfolk 11, 2001 the center(a) East has been the epicenter of inter populational attention. Cries for state and freedom in the region have permeated the westbound media. When Iraq was found to be devoid of the Weapons of spate Destruction, bringing democracy to the country became the tonic reason for the war. Nearly apiece first realness country in the world is a democracy if non in name then in practice. It would be pardonable to think that democracy is the cause of wealth, civil liberties, and all the things associated with first world countries, for there is almost no wealthy nation today that is not a de facto democracy. However while democracy is undoubtedly a fantastic invention of mankind and works well in many nations that, does not mean it is universally correct and should be applied to every nation in the world. For if democracy were forced upon many Middle Eastern nations it would not be a harbinger of increased civil liberties, wealth, and peace, but a step towards secular extremist regimes, far less friendly to each other and the west than their moderate authoritarian predecessors. In the early 19th century after world war one, the Ottoman Empire collapsed. It encompassed much(prenominal) of the middle east and Arab world, the League of Nations, a group of imperialist western nations which had fought on the winning allied side during the war had grand intentions of preventing next wars. However some of their actions are credited with directly leading to the arcsecond world war. One of their mandates that would have grim consequences for future generations was ratified in the Treaty of Lausanne of 1923, this treaty effectively divvied up the middle east into new colonies for the victorious Eu... ...rative Political Studies 43.11 (2010) 1442-1470. faculty member Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 7 Dec. 2010. Falk, Richard. Americas Pro-Iraqi Neutrality. Nation 231.13 (1980) 398-401. Academic Search Co mplete. EBSCO. Web. 7 Dec. 2010. Guida, Michelangelo. The New Islamists Understanding of Democracy in jokester The Examples of Ali Bulac and Hayreddin Karaman. Turkish Studies 11.3 (2010) 347-370. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 7 Dec. 2010. Tibi, Bassam. Islamism and Democracy On the Compatibility of institutional Islamism and the Political Culture of Democracy. Totalitarian Movements and Political Religions 10.2 (June 2009) 135-64. Print. Weiffen, Brigitte. The Cultural-Economic Syndrome Impediments to Democracy in the Middle East.Comparative Sociology 3.3/4 (2004) 353-375. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 7 Dec. 2010.

Gertrude as an Innocent Victim or a Sexually and Morally Corrupt Woman

Gertrude as an Innocent Victim or a sexually and Morally Corrupt Woman in critical point Shakespe bes example Gertrude is one of much mystery in relation to this there ar m some(prenominal) questions that need to be answered to establish Gertrudes innocence by means of out the play. Some examples of these questions are, was Gertrude in some kind of relationship with Claudius onwards the murder of her late Husband and did she know about the murder onwards or after it was committed? Does she love Claudius or is it just her status that she is protect? And did she ever love the late King settlement? At the beginning of the play when we learn about the late King Hamlets death and Gertrudes hasty marriage to his brother Claudius, we are faced with a question on the audiences sensibleness. It digest be assumed that the marriage to her brother- in-law is purely because of Gertrudes nerveless personality, resulting in a dependency on men and the means of protecting her status and her power. We also question the love in the midst of the Gertrude and Claudius this is because there is no suggestion of a resemblance between the late King and his brother. The interpretation that we are given about late King Hamlet perhaps slightly distorted, as it is Hamlet who tells us this, and he is followably trustworthy to his father. It is also possible to argue that the love that the late King and Gertrude shared out was not that strong as the only evidence to suggest this has been told to us by Hamlet and he maybe slightly bias. First we notice that Gertrude does not display her grief for her dead conserve, and suspicions mount when she also tells Hamlet that he should stop his mourning as well.... ...unishment upon death. She does not show any untoward hatred towards Claudius showing that she may not be aware of his cruel deed. In the end Gertrude drinks the poison which can suggest numerous things tha t she has no knowledge of the poison or that she feels guilty of her late maintains death, and cannot carry on with the corrupt behaviour between her husband and her son, or that she is protecting her son and saving his life. When she attempts to consume the drink she is halt suddenly by Claudius, but she replies I will my lord, I crave you pardon me, is this the request of someone who is guilty, someone who is tired of the fighting between her two dearest or of someone with no awareness of what was divergence to happen? This for many readers is the critical part of the play in ascertain her innocence or guilt.

Engle v. US :: essays research papers

succinctEngle v. Vitale was the first case brought to the Supreme Court that recitationd the plaque clause to remove spiritual activities that until this point had been used as a fragmentize of general observances. The First Amendment bars any enforcement of any law respecting an establishment of religion and the Fourteenth Amendment makes this applicable to the States. For that reason, state officials can not import an official state ingathering and require that it be recited in the public trains, even if the supplication is nondenominational and students who wish to remain silent or be excused are allowed to do so during the recitation of the charm. The parents of cardinal students brought this issue to the New York State Court maintaining that the use of the official prayer in the public schools was contrary to the beliefs, religions, or spectral practices of both themselves and their children. The motility that was reviewed by the Supreme Court of The United State s was whether New York overstepped the boundaries when they financed a religious exercise. The New York Court said that the prayer given does not correct to all of the tenets of the Jewish, Unitarian, and Ethical Culture groups. The Supreme Court ruled that, though the prayer was nondenominational and students had the option of whether or not to recite the prayer and not be penalized for failure to do so, the state of New York and the school board had violated the Constitution of the United States and the rights of the students attending the public schools. though many Americans still disagree with the verdict of the court, the ruling still stands today.OPINIONS The discernment of the Court was delivered by Justice Black. The Court said Shortly later on the practice of reciting the Regents prayer was adopted by the School District, the parents of ten pupils brought this sue in a New York State Court insisting that use of this official prayer in the public schools was contrary to the beliefs, religions, or religious practices of both themselves and their children. The New York Court of Appeals, over the dissents of Judges Dye and Fuld, sustain an order of the lower state courts which had upheld the power of New York to use the Regents prayer as a part of the daily procedures of its public schools so colossal as the schools did not compel any pupil to join in the prayer over his or his parents objection.

Variola rex smallpox Essay -- Biology Medical Biomedical Smallpox

variola major rex (Smallpox)Smallpox is a virus that was basic set in motioned in ancient times. The virus?s proper name is Variola rex, and it has heterogeneous different forms as well as various symptoms. Among these forms atomic number 18 typical smallpox, hemorrhagic smallpox, and malignant smallpox, all of which usually always go death in their victims. Some of the typical symptoms of smallpox include red ink vesicles and pustules all over, bleeding from all orifices of the body, swelling in the face, throat, and eyes, difficulty have and swallowing, delirium, malaise, deterioration of the b 1 marrow, lymph nodes and mucus membranes of the body, and a mickle of early(a) supplementary symptoms. Smallpox is typically diagnosed by ruling out the possibility of other viruses, which manifest themselves signly in a similar way, such as measles, and chicken pox. There is no know cure for smallpox at a time it has been contracted, and a majority of its victims die from it.V ariola rex is considered to be one of the almost contagious infected diseases know to man. The virus is not bound to one particular race, culture, country, sex or age but can found at almost any location. Over the centuries Variola rex has been associated with a multitude of titles including, La Petite Verole, Blattern, Lesser Pox, and Plague. However, the virus that once possessed these various aliases is now most commonly known as Smallpox. Smallpox is typicallydiagnosed through the characteristic progression or particular physical as well as internal symptoms. The virus is divided into three groups depending upon initialsymptoms, and progression of the infection. These groups include the most common and typical smallpox, which is divided into two, more rare forms of the disease includi... ...er reaches it victims. However to this day there is no known cure for smallpox and once contracted the chances of survival are slim. whole shebang CitedAufderheide, AC.The Cambridge encyc lopedia of humanpaleopathology Cambridge Cambridge University Press 1998. p. 201-07Gehlbach, Stephen H. American Plagues Lessons from ourBattles with Disease. New York Mc Graw Hill Companies, 2005. 26-27.Hopkins, DR. The greatest killer smallpox in history. lucreUniversity of Chicago Press 2002. p. 13- 317Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Smallpox.CNN. 12 Aug. 2005. 30 July 2006 http//www.cnn.com/HEALTH/library/DS/00424.htmlMcNeill, WH. Plagues and peoples a natural history of infectiousdiseases. New York Anchor Press/Doubleday 1976Oldstone, MBA. Measles. Viruses, plagues, and history OxfordOxford university Press 1989. p. 73-89

Elasticity of Demand for Lottery Tickets Essay -- Economics Economy Fi

Elasticity of Demand for Lottery Tickets Elasticity is the responsiveness of take up or supply to the removes in monetary values or income. There argon miscellaneous formulas and guidelines to follow when trying to calculate these responses. For instance, when the ploughshare of change of the quantity claimed is great then the percentage change in price, the charter is have a go at itn to be price elastic. On the other hand, if the percentage change in demand is less than then the percentage change in price handle that of demand, supply works in a similar modality. When the percentage change of quantity supplied is greater than the percentage change in price, supply is know to be elastic. When the percentage change of quantity supplied is less then the percentage change in price, then the supply then demand is cognise to be price inelastic. The following text is rattling world examples of these economic principles. They have been provided to build a bridge between c urrent economic situations and economic principles of elasticity.The Demand for Lotto The Role of Conscious Selection In this article is a discussion about the elasticity of demand for lottery tickets. Time series data was used in a way in which the expected value of the lottery ticket would vary imputable to rollovers (Farrel 1). It was found that there are far more rollovers than expected tending(p) the lottery human body (Farrel 1). There was also or so strong certainty found that supported that individuals did not pick their numbers in a uniform matter. The inverse supply function was found by use estimates that enabled them to identify the demand elasticity (Farrel 1). This analysis was based on the U.K. home(a) Lottery that came about November 1994. With this in mind we realize that because game designs are similar throughout the world, these findings are more widely relevant (Farrel 1).The price elasticity of demand for lottery tickets shows that demand varies dep ending on the expected present from a winning ticket (Farrel 1). From this we deduce that this elasticity is relevant to the design of the lottery (Farrel 1). The way that the demand elasticity is derived is by comparing the rollover weeks with the non-rollover weeks. By doing this, the normal demand is recorded during the non-rollover weeks to see what level the demand is normally at. Then from there they can see how the demand increases as the lott... ...ing how around studies and economic research has been taking place and where. I found somewhat of the studies to be trivial. This meaning that the authors used creative techniques to figure and estimate some of the elasticities. I also found it interesting how I could relate to the real life situations such as the Lottery. For example, when the lottery starts rolling over it creates a hype, and the demand goes up. I was always aware of this phenomenon but never cognise what it actually was. BibliographyWork CitedFarrell, Lis a Hartley, Roger Lanot, Gauthier Walker, Ian The Demand for Lotto The Role of Conscious Selection, ledger of Business & Economic Statistics, Apr2000, Vol. 18 Issue 2. Mason, Paul M. Steagall, Jeffrey W., The elasticity of demand for lotto tickets and the corresponding welfare effects., Public Finance Review, Sep97, Vol. 25, Issue 5. Rashid, Muhammad Mitra, Devashis, set Elasticity of Demand and an Optimal Cash Discount Rate in Credit Policy, Financial Review, Aug99, Vol. 34 Issue. Montgomery, Alan L. Rossi, Peter E., Estimating Price Elasticities with Theory-Based Priors, daybook of Marketing Research, Nov99, Vol. 36 Issue 4.

Appearnce Vs. Reality Othello Essay -- essays research papers

I am not what I am. What is Iago? Iagos actual personality is quite distant from what he pretends to be. In Shakespeares Othello, the reader is presented the classic battle between good and evil-minded. It is these forces of evil that ultimately lead to the breakdown of Othello. Othellos breakdown results in the murder of his married woman Desdemona. Desdemona is representative of the good in nature. Good can be be as forgiving, h peerlessst, innocent and unsuspecting. The evil contained within Othello is by no factor magical or mythical yet is represented by the contribution Iago. Iago is cunning, untrustworthy, selfish, and plotting. He uses these traits to his advantage by slowly planning his own comfort while watching the demise of others. It is this that is Iagos motivation. Iago uses the weaknesses of Othello, specifically jealousy and his devotion to things as they seem, to conquer him. From the start of the play, Iagos scheming ability is shown when he convinces Roderi go to tell astir(predicate) Othello and Desdemondas elopement to Desdemonas father, Brabantio. Confidently Iago continues his plot successfully, making fools of others, and himself being rewarded. Except Roderigo, no one is aware of Iagos plans. This is because Iago pretends to be an honest man loyal to his superiors. Othello was reeled expertly into Othellos plans. He staged many things-having him eavesdrop on Iago and Cassios communication about Bianca, and also, Cassio wiping his beard with the sacred handkerchief. The...

A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning by John Donne Essay -- A Valedicti

A Valediction Forbidding Mourning, by John Donne explores love through the ideas of assurance and separation. Donne uses vivid imagery to go away his moral themes on his audience. A receivedr, more refined love, Donne explains comes from a contact at the mind, the joining of two souls as one. Physical presence is foreign if a true marriage of the minds has occurred, joining a pair of lovers souls eternally. In order to describe the form which Donne gives to true love he chooses to throw a scene of separation. He insists that when in love, absence is not a cause for despair. Stanza two describes the usual reaction lovers have to separation just explains that such reactions of tears and sighs do not prove ones love but rather the opposite by suggesting that the kind depends on a physical tie. In stanza three then he states that it is the linkup at the mind which is important to a devoted love, and that when this emotional connection of the souls is attained then eyes, lips, an d hands, are less to miss.Donne uses a compass to form a visual metaphor for their love. Although the two feet whitethorn be farther apart, they are constantly joined in the spirit. This connection at the center is representative of the mental connection which is found at the center of true or refined love. Regardless of how far apart the feet of the compass may move, or how far apart lovers may travel, the connection which is the center of their relationship serves to hold and br...

The Epilogue of Haydn Middletons The Lie of The Land :: Haydn Middleton The Lie of The Land

The Epilogue of Haydn Middletons The Lie of The LandA few days had passed since Art had reentered Davids life. While David, Quinn and Art spent the morning take breakfast and discussing which is the best fruit jelly, Rachel was sulking in a pit of angst. Matthew hadnt speak very much the past few days, pacify trying to beat to terms with what she had done and why. And Rachel was trying to decide if she was on the road to improve a guilt which has haunted her for months, or could she still not exculpate herself?Inspired by David Nennius memoirs, she decided to do the same. She couldnUt bring herself to say to Matthew what she cute to say, but perhaps she could write it then. Oh sure, she had told him the entire tale of her adventures with David, but she hadnt told him why she had been so obsessed with his troubles. Why she had to save him.Rachel picked her hands up from the keyboard. detrition her wrists she contemplated her future. Then, like many times, she began thinking of the past and details she had never told anyone. Rachels flooringI havent been able to bring myself to tell anyone what happened all those months ago, began the journal entry.I can still remember the day the man with no give away came into the center, the day I committed my crime. That day I let a man walk out the door without getting his name. He wore a tattered overcoat and a sheep-like smile. Later, much too late, I erudite the truth. No, that is not true. I knew the truth and did nothing. I knew he was a minor molester - he told me. The worst part of it is that he came in twice. Twice I did the wrong thing.I regret what I did, the man said finished globs of tears. I just wish these rages, these infatuations would vanish. I thought he was sincere, so when he would not give me his name I didnUt push him to do so. He pleaded with me not to tell the authorities. He said he could reanimate himself better in the real world. I thought he had a point. But then that fateful day cam e.I can still see Matthews face as I read the story of a Chester Rogers being picked up for child molestation.

Carters loss of popularity Essay -- American History, Politics

The 1970s was a difficult epoch period in American history subscribeed with chaos, domestic and internationalistic crises, and very poor presidential leadership. Richard Nixon was president during the early years of the seventies and he was far from popular in the eyes of the American people. With largeness rapidly rising, Nixon soon became unfavorable, and with the controversy surrounding his actions c oncerning the Watergate Crisis, he was impeached and forced to resign. His fault President, Gerald R. Ford, soon took his place in the White House. However, Ford was unable to cargo deck the crippling events taking place in the United States his approval dropped drastically within months, and like Nixon he lost support of the American people. When the 1976 presidential election came around, the American people needed a new fighter whom they could trust and who could pull the nation out of its current state of misery. To fill this position, American chose to elect James Earl C arter, Jr., Governor from Georgia. open Carter began his presidency in the bright fire of public support built on his send for of bringing honesty and morality seat to politics but unable to successfully deal with conflicts beyond his control concerning domestic and foreign personal matters, his boundary as President ended behind a dark haze over of public disapproval.Jimmy Carter entered the White House in 1977 with the bright glow of public support from the American people, stemming from his outspoken and admiring charisma. He was seen as the fighter aircraft who could bring the nation out of disparity and restore it back to its well-off years. He guaranteed that his government would be filled with love as are the American People (qtd. in Slavin 58). Carter characterized himself as honest and aggressi... ... in their once loved hero. They no longer saw him as the man who could restore the countrys problems and restore the nation back to its golden years. In the 1980 pr esidential election, Carter go about even more trouble when the elective party became divided. Senator Ted Kennedy, member of the Democratic liberal wing, stole much of the popular support away from Carter although Jimmy won the Democratic primary, he had lost much needed democratic support and faced a major disadvantage heading into the election (Election of 1980 1). Not surprisingly, the dissatisfied voters did not reelect him for a wink term, and many openly expressed their dissatisfaction with his handling of domestic and foreign affairs (Outline of American History 3). Ronald Reagan won the election, and Carter was forced to head back to Georgia behind a dark cloud of public disapproval.

My Hope for Tomorrow’s Schools :: Education Teaching Classroom Learning Essays

My Hope for Tomorrows SchoolsI intend schools should help students develop their value systems, if indeed these values are of God. I am a born again Christian swearr of the creed of Jesus Christ thitherfore, my values are based upon the good, the true, and the beautiful which comes from the gospel singing of Jesus Christ.Our society is based on a number of perfect values values derived from biblical truths. These truths are our highest pattern of virtue. I weigh we, as t to each integrityers, have a certain degree of power to grab the moral disintegration of our society, by helping students develop biblical and reverent values. Teachers have the opportunity to instill a desire for these values in spite of appearance our students, yet still bear in mind that these students have a choice as to whether they want to accept these values as their own. possibly if Christian values remained within our school systems, the Columbine shootings as intimately as other school shoot ings, would never have happened.Todays children are faced with an extremely challenging social environment. Therefore, I count that adults must demonstrate to young people that it is possible to live sensations values and to advocate for a more just and amenable society. It is of the utmost importance that teachers be positive moral models and to administer temper education to our children, so that we may help them understand, through experience, that what they value matters and that subsisting their virtue lends meaning and richness to their own lives. I also believe that students need knowledge of their social, political, and economic man, and that character education will egg on them to participate in social change in order to score a more just society. Social change needs to expunge place in certain areas. Issues such as discrimination and bigotry can strangle an otherwise workable society. If every one of us would strive to live our lives as God has commanded, n ot suggested, then there would be no place in our society for discrimination and bigotry. The world literally stands or falls on mankinds actions- each of us possessing a voltage for a strategic significance to maximise the impact of good. Mankind has a high position, but no one should think themselves to be more worthy or more strategic than anyone else. One of the tragedies of prejudice is that it may separate one from a potential source of help.

?The Rise and Fall of Jim Crow? Essay -- essays research papers

In 1863 Jim genus Corvus was performing black face in major production halls. Jim Crow became a simble of racial discrimation. The erra of Jim Crow had begon at this time. This erra was a time were Jim Crow pushed for blacks have there rights taken from them. During the Jim Crow erra a lot of resterants and bathrooms had signs hanging outside that tell coloreds only. Many blacks were flake to start their commintuies because they matte this was the only way they would have rights. In 1919 the Klu Kluc Klan ( KKK) became a national power. The Klan was major powerhouse behind Jim Crow. Blacks were not just expiration to stand by and let the Klan have control over them, so backs used the power of the press and the courts to fight back against the klan. accordingly the video prepared itself back to when Lincoln was presdent of the united states. The narrator talked astir(predicate) how Lincoln did not want the war to be about dismissal slaves precisely , for the war to be about saving the union. During this times the balcks opinion that linciln was fighting for them and all they wanted was to have rights. These rights consisted of land , education, ablity to vote ,, exclusively mosting importantly was alnd they believe if theey owned land they were free. In South Carolina blacks had build their own schools, churches and communitys , on the land that they were given during the war. When Andrew capital of Mississippi was eleceted into office he did not like the idea fro blacks have their own land. So Andrew Jackson orderd Oliver O Howard a Christian general to remove the black slew off the land they had made their homes. Oliver Howard called ammeting at the town hall and both(prenominal) were around 2,000 people attended. In 1866 Congress passed the 14th and 15th amendments because the southwest was not looking out for the better intreates of the blacks. At this time reconstructive memory had began. Around the time reconstruction had began , most black people mat that they did not have to do in the fields or work at hard labor jobs. So they started electing other black bit into office so that they could have rights and voice in the government. Also these officals helped with acquiring schools and education for the black population. At this time the KKK wanted all of the ex-slaves to hap back into place were they belonged... ...et them run it Montgumery wanted a safe place for blacks to live and grow as people. Mound Bayou was very proprose. When Missippi wanted to coiffure in place the Jim Crow rectitudes , Iza Montgumery was delegated to vote against the idea. But Iza voted for the a law against uneducation blacks would not be satisfactory to vote. Many blacks acrossed the nation felt this was tresion. Montgumery said that blacks had already lost. Booker T. Washington was mad like Fredrick Douglas. Booker was able to talk to talk to anyone. Booker sureached ideas for a ovalbumin and black comprmisse. family 25th was cal imed Negero day. Booker want to speak and people complained that there was a nigger giving a speech . Almost as if they felt he was unable to speak because he was black. Booker said to the white people we can be as seprate as two fingers but as close as the hand. That speech caused massive confusion for the blacks in the south. Although the white people at the rally were very happy and move by the way Booker talked. To blacks this idea was called the Atlanta Comprimse. Dispite any Advances by blacks they were all surpressed because Jim Crow had complete control over the power of the linked States.

Vanity Fair :: Essays Papers

Vanity somewhatVanity Fair, though it does non include the all in all extent of Thackerays genius, is the to the highest degree vigorous exhibition of its leading characteristics. In bangle of feeling, elasticity of movement, and unity of aim, it is favorably distinguished from its successors, which too often utilize the impression of being composed of successive accumulations of incidents and persons, that drift into the story on no principle of artistic selection and combination. The style, while it has the raciness of separate peculiarity and the careless case of familiar gossip, is as clear, pure, and flexible as if its sentences had been subjected to repeated revision, and every pebble which obstructed its lucid and limpid flow had been laboriously removed. The characterization is almost perfect of its kind. Becky Sharp, the Marquis of Steyne, Sir Pitt Crawley and the whole Crawley family, Amelia, the Osbornes, Major Dobbin, not to mention others, are as well known to mos t civil people as their most intimate acquaintances in the Vanity Fair of the actual world. It has always seemed to us that Mr. Osborne, the father of George, a representation of the most hateful phase of English character, is ane of the most vividly dead on target and life-like of all the delineations in the book, and more of a typical personage than pull down Becky or the Marquis of Steyne.Thackerays theory of characterization proceeds generally on the assumption that the acts of men and women are directed not by principle, and by instincts, selfish or amiable--that toleration of piece weakness is likely totally by lowering the standard of human capacity and obligation--and that the prelim condition of an accurate knowledge of human character is distrust of ideals and renunciation of patterns. This view is narrow, and by no means covers all the facts of history and human life, but what relative truth it has is splendidly illustrated in Vanity Fair. on that point is not a person in the book who excites the readers respect, and not one who fails to excite his interest. The morbid quickness of the authors perceptions of the selfish element, even in his few amiable characters, is a constant source of surprise. The novel not only has no hero, but implies the non-existence of heroism. Yet the fascination of the book is indisputable, and it is due to a variety of causes besides its mere exhibition of the worldly side of life.

Faraday Essay -- Science, Inventions

According to the author of this obituary, what aspects of Faradays liveliness and field contributed to his reputation? How does the envisage presented in the obituary compare to the picture presented in Book 1, Chapter 4? in that location are two questions to serve for this TMA. To answer the first question one needs to know the rendering of Reputation the estimation in which a person or social function is generally held opinion,(E. Dictionary, 2006). It is also necessary to know what in life and work contributed to his reputation. The second question, one needs to understand what it means to Compare to suppose or represent as analogues or similar liken, (E.Dictionary, 2006). It is also necessary to examine and compare the two pictures.The picture created of the life and work from the obituary, in The Times, 28 August 1867, p.7,(Assignment Book, 2008), is a very obscure one. An individual exercise this extract would find it difficult to know exactly what Michael Faraday had invented, or discovered. There is no exact knowledge, no mention of creation, nothing to indicate alone(predicate) developments ...

One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest Essay -- essays research papers fc

As medical advances are being do, it makes the dispenseing of diseases easier and easier. moral hospitals yield changed the way the treat a patients infirmity considerably compared to the hospital described in unrivaled Flew Over the twats nuzzle. Please bring in We do non impose certain(prenominal) rules and restrictions on you with prohibited a great deal of thought close their therapeutic value. A good many of you are in here because you could not adjust to the rules of society in the Outside World, because you refused to face up to them, because you tried to circumvent them and avoid them. At some time peradventure in your childhood you may have been allowed to get away with flouting the rules of society. When you stone-broke a rule you knew it. You wanted to be dealt with, needed it, but the punishment did not come. That foolish lenience on the part of your parents may have been the germ that grew in to your return illness. I tell you this hoping you will un derstand that it is entirely for your own good that we enforce discipline and order. (Kesey 188).This comment made by the Big Nurse in the story implies that she is telling the patients that the yard they have this disease is that they want to receive punishment when they did wrong or to attract attention to themselves. In no way is this the case with schizophrenia. The patients did not develop this illness because of lack of discipline from their parents or because the wanted attention. This fear disease is one that is unexplained and a cure is has yet to be found, although there are ways to treat the illness at the present time.Every year one hundred thousand young Americans are diagnosed with the disease schizophrenia (Carman Research). Schizophrenia is a brain disorder that is associated with abnormal behavior or thinking . The disease usually affects people during the latish adolescence stage or early adulthood, typically during this time they develop the symptoms colligat e to the disease. The most typical symptoms of schizophrenia are things such as, hearing things that others cannot, such as voice of people whispering, having a feeling that someone is dismissal out of their way to make sure they harm you, having visions of things that people roughly you cannot see, receiving special messages from the television, radio, and other appliances, felling that you posses special powers that ca... ...ending on the size and tolerances of the patients, the voltages could have ranged anyplace form 70 to 130 volts. As a direct progeny from the large amounts of electricity being imposed into the patients trunk they will lose consciousness almost immediately. The shocks sent them in to convulsions or seizures and therefore increased their insulin levels. After a patient regains consciousness, he or she will not remember any of the events of being shocked. (Noyes and Kolb).As the treat for this disease improves the people effected by it will have a better c hance to live a normal life with out the fear of being seen as a out cast. Works CitedKesey, Ken. One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest. The Viking Press. New York. 1973. Page 188.Noyes, Arthur P. M.D. and Kolb, Lawrence C. M.D. Shock and otherwise Physical Therapies. In One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest Text and Criticism The Viking Press. New York. 1973. Page 499.Long, Phillip W. M.D. Schizophrenia Youths Greatest Disabler. British Columbia Schizophrenic Society. 8th edition. April 12, 2000. www.Mentalhealth.com.Schizophrenia. Carman Research. September 17, 2000.http//www.carmanresearch.com/schizophrenia.html.

Supersize Me :: Film Movie Films Movies Supersize Me

Supersize Me Some of the people interviewed for this film adumbrate that the Statesns can always refuse to eat fast food, but is it unfeignedly that easy? No, because there are many factors involved when an individual or family decides to eat fast food for any particular meal of the day. some(prenominal) factors in this decision include but are not hold to Firstly most people pack their day with activities continuously so there is not much time left in the day to cook. Secondly children play a large role in whether a mother will give the axe at McDonalds. In a companionship where the thought of idle hands as the devils workshop, to a greater extent people are joining more gym clubs, children are participating in more extra-curricular activities like sports, dance, and the like. More people are going back to disoblige their education, and subsequently forced to attend classes in the evening. Couple this with parents who work at night or families who perplex teen-age childr en who are independent and these factors equal families who hap more time in restaurants than they do in their own kitchen. When families commove home late in the evening then dinner practically travel a snack. This is not to say that every family in America follows this routine, but Caucasians in particular are most likely to become victim to this trend. Caucasians in particular encourage their children to participate in anything. Families who have two parents working have an opportunity to maybe enjoy a home cooked meal a couple nights a week.McDonalds market plan is a clever ploy direct at the children of this planet. If not for children and their addiction to clowns, and maybe time factors, mothers would have no reason to stop at fast food restaurants. A great deal of McDonalds have a play land where the parents can come to gruntle their child and end up sitting for a two or three hours. Many women meet and make it a social activity. This is how the informant of eating un healthy begins. As a result of this, people turn and become cozy with the idea of McDonalds.

Capital Punishment is State Sanctioned Murder Essay example -- Argumen

Capital Punishment is State Sanctioned carrying out     Capital punishment is show sanctioned, premeditated murder.  It is morally, ethically, and socially unconventional.   Murder is the intended kill of one person by another.  Capital punishment does upright that.  It takes the life of one person and wasting diseases another, the executioner, to do it.  In the state of Indiana, the warden of the state prison acts as the executioner.  The killing takes place before the hour of break of day on a fixed day.  The warden, executioner, flips a switch that sends electrical ongoing into the body of the convicted prisoner, thus ending the prisoners life.  What happens during the execution is one persons life is by choice ended by the act of another.  The difference, however, is that capital punishment is condoned by the state.  The states supreme Court, Appeals Court, Superior courts, and prosecutors all play an importa nt role in condoning the use of capital punishment.   Many precautions be taken to ensure that all repayable go rights are given to the offender.  I wonder how many times we set about executed an innocent man or woman?  digest month, in the state of Virginia, a man was executed for the brutal flub and murder of his sister-in-law.  Throughout his 11 year stay on demise row, he claimed he was not guilty of this crime.  We may never screw the truth, yet his life was ended.  If his innocence could be proven today, there would be no way to reverse the punishment.  There is no doubt that we have executed innocent people in this country.   Throughout our lives we are taught that it is wrong to take the life of ... ...ustice that is being served?  In my involvement with offenders on expiration row, I see the pain of their families as they go through the appeals process hoping and praying that their loved ones sentence be overturne d.   The use of the dying penalty shows us that revenge is honored in our society.  The cost of incarcerating an offender for their lifetime is some(prenominal) less than the cost of executing that same offender.  In spite of the lour cost to imprison, we continue to execute offenders.  To me, this mindset shows a system that considers the death of another to be a victory.   Murder and capital punishment are synonymous.  both(prenominal) consist of the intentional killing of a human being.  Both are morally, ethically, and socially wrong.  The only difference is one form of killing is considered to be lawful.